Spraying nozzle



Oct. 9, 1951 T, H, NAKKEN 2,570,972

v SPRAYING NozzLE Filed oct. 11, 1947 JNVENToR. FIG-5 A THEODORE HNAKKEN iatenteci ct. 9, 95i

HS.JNITED S-'vifA'l'gEk-S PATENT OFFICE ,fSPBAYING NOZZLE v AIfheodore Hg'fNakken, New York, NfY., assignor j to=Nakken -Products and DevelopmentCofInc.,

a corporation oli-'Delaware Applicationetober 11, 1947,;Serial No. 779,397

'1 This .inventionY relates to kimprovements in spraying nozzles, and is directed, more particularly, to spray nozzles 'forvarious' classes ci services,and has as a principal object:

Thewprovision'of spraynozzles'with any de- .sired number of sprayingopenings ,oianyv desired size and shape.

A further object' Yof 'the/invention is the Vprovision ,ofl a spray nozzle of the characterv Ydescribed in which thefabrication of "the nozzles themselves, and particularly the spraying openings, may be fabricated 'at extremely "low cost.

Another object ofthe 'invention is` the provision of a spray nozzle in which the interior ycontent of the liquid 'to be sprayed isl a minimum. y

Yet, another object lof the invention `is -thel provisionyof a spray nozzle which will atomizethe rliquid to be sprayed inA a manner more eiciently than nozzles of the'prior art. w

Other objects and Iadvantages* of theY invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art lupon astudy of the 'followingspecifications; and fthe accompanying drawings.

Referring to the'drawings which are given-by` way of example to illustrate the invention:

vFigure l is a sectional -elevationf-of-a nozzle made according to the invention;

d Figure 2 is a sectional? elevation 'of' a modification ofthe nozzle Vshown in Figure 1;

lfigure 3 is afragmentarydetailedview ofthe fnozzleperse oi the form of theinvention shown finFigurel;

-Figure 4 is a modified-'detailed View-oflcer- `tain partsshown in the nozzle of Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a -fplanwiew of Ythe nozzle lper se, shown inliigure` l; and

VFigure 6 isa plan view of a modicationof thelnozzle shown in Figure 1.

Ithreaded portionv |14 extendingY downwardly...

Extending through they bodynis a hole `I5 the upper .end portion .IGi of which isgstepped in- Wardly and internally threaded. Extending downwardly from Vthetop, and communicating Aswith'the.threadedhole I6, isla threaded hole I1 which is largerin diameterfthan; the threaded Y arranged vangular with respect to the central .hole I5.

.chamberZD therein adjacent to or communicating with the seat I9. The purpose of this annular chamber is to uniformly supply the liquid to beV sprayed to spray .openings whichare radially adjacent thereto. These openings will presently be described, and although theannular chamber is hereindescribed as formed in the main body II, it/ will be understood that I also contemplate forming anannular groove upon the shank of `a memberfto lbe .presently described which iits l,in `the ,bore

I5, andwhich has a head which seats. onlthe seat I9. In other Words, this Vannular chamber may be formed either'in the body itself or upon the member which yts in the bodybecause the performance will-.be substantially the same .in

either. event.

A screw12l hasv a long, smooth shank,22,.which .isco-extensive with the bore vI5 land the annular chamber 2c. It also has a threaded .end -23 which engages the threads of the threaded hole i6. In order that vthe screw, once ,it is screwed into position, shall not become loosened,

i'be expanded. It `is obvious that the screw may be locked in place by other means. "On the lower end of the screw is provided -a head 25 which isV formed-in such a manner that the angular surface 26 thereof rests solidly onthe seat I9 formed inthe body when thescrewistightly driven home.

Theoonical surface 26 of the screw may be indented with slot-like, triangular, square, or rounded indentationszl. In order to'alloW-liq- (uids to pass through the center bore I5, which containsrthe shank 122, ofthe screwlZI, various means may be employed.y The shank may be of suchdiameter as to substantiallyll th'ebore or it may be' or such diameter that an annular space is left between it and `the interior wall of the bore I5 for the-,passagefof liquids. However, one preferredway of ydoing this is to form a helical channel 28 inthe body 22 of the screw. This .extends -irom theslot 24 to the base of thehead 25 of the screw. This channel may be V-shaped in crosssecti onv.and it may,in`stead of beingin theform of. a helix, be longitudinal, depending ,upon the physical size ofthe `channel and the lengthy, of thebore I 5.

andava When liquid under pressure is forced from the top of the nozzle through the bore (if clearance space is provided between it and the screw body 22), or via the helical or straight channel 28, it reaches the annular chamber 20 and thence it will be sprayed with great force out of the indentations 21 which form spray apertures. The slope of the indentations and their number will determine the spray pattern obtained, and the higher the pressure exerted upon the liquid, the higher will be the velocity of the liquid through these apertures.

It will be evident that the indentations may be kept very small, and they may be large in number; in fact, they may be so near together as to be separated only by very narrow lands.

These indentations may be made by means of a suitable tool under hydraulic pressure, for example, and thus they can be made so line that the cross-sections of the separate spray holes are very` small and they will offer higher resistance to the passage of the liquid and, consequently, this frictional resistance tends to promote the efficient shredding and atomization of the liquid being sprayed and at the same time the total friction will necessitate a high spraying pressure in order to pass the liquid through at a high velocity.

Instead of fabricating the channels or indentations 21 upon th-e conical surface of the screw head I may, instead, fabricate these indentations in the conical seat I9 of the nozzle proper, for example, in the manner shown in Figures 3 and 4, where the conical seat I9a has indentations 21a formed therein. Where this arrangement is used the head of the screw willbe plain without any indentations.

As a further modification, I contemplate forming indentations both on the seat I9 of the valve body and also on the slanting head 26 of the screw in which event the screw would preferably be so set that the indentations on its head are interposed between the indentations formed on the seat I9.

In the modification shown in Figure 2, the body Ila has an hexagonal portion 12a, a shank portion i3d, and a threaded portion Illa for mounting the same, The device has a bore Ia, a stepped-in threaded portion la, and an enlarged internally threaded portion lla. The screw shank 22a has an upper threaded portion 23a with a slot 24a formed therein for locking the screw in position in the body l la.

Spaced apart from the lower end thereof the shank has an annular groove 20a which corresponds to the annular chamber 20 shown in Figure l. Below the annular groove 20d and extending to the lower end thereof, the shank member 22a has a series of grooves or indentations 21a formed therein which correspond to the indentations 21 or 21a above described. The shank 22a may also have a helical channel 28a formed therein and communicating with the threaded portion lla, and communicating with the annular groove 28a. When the shank 22a is positioned in the bore ld the wall of this bore contacts the surface of the shank 22a so that the liquid under pressure flows through the helical groove 28a to the annular groove 2M, and is then sprayed from the nozzle via the indentations 21a. In this arrangement the sprayed liquid leaves the nozzle in a path somewhat axial with respect to the nozzle instead of somewhat laterally, as is the case in the arrangement shown in Figure l.

One of the main advantages of my new and improved nozzle lies in the fact that the spray 4 holes are made of minute sizes without involving diicult and expensive drilling to form these openings as has been the common practice in spraying nozzles of the prior art.

Another` advantage of my new and improved nozzle lies in the fact that the screw containing the helical passage and the indentations may be removed whenever it is necessary to clean it, and there are no small holes which become stopped up and which usually are dimcult to clear extraneous material from when they get stopped up.

Another advantage of my arrangement is that the total area through which the liquid is to be sprayed can be given a considerable value by the simple expedient of increasing their number.

A further advantage of my nozzle lies in the fact that only a minute quantity of liquid is present in the body of the nozzle at all times. The importance of this feature becomes apparent if it is considered that spray nozzles, such as are used in oil burners, oil engines, or diesel engines, are subject to very high temperatures. If, under such circumstances, the heat is not conveyed away from the nozzle at an extremely rapid rate, and the nozzle contains a considerable amount of fuel, which fuel is generally in the nature of a hydrocarbon, there is always a danger that the nozzle will heat the hydrocarbon to a high temperature, thereby causing the formation of a vapor bubble, or bubbles, the pressure of which may cause the fuel to dribble out of the nozzle at moments when no fuel injecting is desired.

Another harmful eect of overheating of the fuel lies in the occurrence of cracking phenomena, accompanied by the formation of tar-like substances, and in case this occurs these substances so created eventually clog up the spray openings, or if they do not completely clog the openings they create the danger of carbon formation in the nozzle openings under continued high temperature conditions.

Due lto the fact that the quantity of liquids (fuel, for example), in my nozzle is kept to an almost irreducible minimum, there is very remote chance of the above difficulties occurring in my nozzle. The liquid content in the` nozzles remains there only for short periods of time so that even if the temperature of the nozzle is quite high there is very little chance of vapor formation or cracking phenomena occurring as the fuel content in the nozzle is constantly eliminated and replaced by new cold fuel. The period of time, therefore, during which the fuel is contained in the body of the hot nozzle will be extremely short, and will be shorter the closer the t of the grooved shank in the bore of the nozzle. For instance, on an oil engine or diesel engine an almost ideal condition would exist, if the liquid cubic contents of the nozzle are no greater than the minimum quantity sprayed by the nozzle during operation. In this manner one can be sure that at 1.10 time cracking or vaporizing of the fuel in the nozzle would occur, during operation of the engine.

shown and described within the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a spray nozzle, a body having means thereon for mounting it in use, a longitudinal passage formed within said body, a threaded passage alsc formed within said body smaller than the diameter of and communicating with said first passage, said threaded passage being near one end of said body, means on said last end of said body for connecting said passages toa source of fluid under pressure, an outwardly facing conical cavity formed in said body at the opposite or discharge end thereof, a stem in said nozzle having a portion threadedly engaging said threaded passage, having a shank portion parallel to and intimately contacting the surface of said bore and having a cone-shaped head the conical surface of which is substantially parallel to and forced in contact with the surface of said conical cavity by the aforesaid threaded engagement, a plurality of diverging grooves formed in at least one of said conical surfaces and forming passages through which said fluid is sprayed angular with respect to the longitudinal axis of said nozzle, and groove means on said stem forming with the wall of said longitudinal passage fixed minute passages via which said fluid passes from said first end to the grooves in said conical surface, thereby insuring that said body contains a mininum of said fluid at al1 times.

2. In a spray nozzle, a body having a longitudinal passage formed therein from the discharge end thereof, an outwardly facing frustro-conical depression formed in the discharge end of said body, a threaded passage formed within said body and communicating with said first passage, said threaded passage being smaller in diameter than said rst passage, a third passage formed within said body and extending inwardly from the inlet end to communicate with said threaded passage, said third passage also being internally threaded to accommodate a fitting via which fluid to be sprayed is delivered thereto, a stem having a shank forming a snug fit with the interior wall of said first passage and having a threaded portion engaging said first mentioned threaded passage, and means to lock the same in engagement with the latter, said stem also having an exten- `sion head having an annular angular surface forced into contact with the surface of said depression by the engagement of said threaded portion with said first threaded passage, groove means formed in said surface of said head via which said uid is sprayed, spiral groove means formed on the portion of said shank forming said snug fit and providing minute passages through said body for the fluid, and an annular passage formed on said shank adjacent to said head and providing communication between said spiral groove means and said rst mentioned groove means, said annular passage having a cross section at least as great as the sum of the cross sections of said spiral groove means.

3. In a spray nozzle, a body having means thereon for mounting it in use, a longitudinal passage formed within said body, a stem mounted in and forming a snug fit with the interior wall of said passage and having a portion thereof threadedly engaging the interior of said nozzle, groove means formed on said stem for the passage of fuel to be sprayed, an outwardly facing frustro-co-nical depression formed in the discharge end of said nozzle, a head on the end of said stem having a frustro-conical portion, the surface of which mates with and is in forced contact with the surface of said depression by said threaded engagement of said stem portion with the interior of said nozzle, an annular passage formed between said body and said stem adjacent to said head and communicating with said groove means, and a plurality of spaced grooves formed in at least one of said frustroconical surfaces communicating with said annular groove, the cross sections of said groove means and said annular groove being such that said nozzle contains a minimum of said fuel at al1 times thereby minimizing the chance of carbonization.

THEODORE H. NAKKEN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,137,926 Teeter May 4, 1915 1,279,400 Miner Sept. 17, 1918 1,327,744 Taitrais Jan. 13, 1920 1,480,324 Willson Jan. 8, 1924 1,740,316 Ricardo Dec. 17, 1929 1,740,759 Wurster Dec. 24, 1929 1,754,768 Protzeller Apr. 15, 1930 1,973,666 Sidney Sept. 11, 1934 1,979,104 Gordon 1 Oct. 30, 1934 2,075,589 Munz Mar. 30, 1937 2,096,581 Goldberg Oct.v19, 1937 

